StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...
Free

Analysis of Pavlovian Conditioning: Its not What You Think it Is by Robert A. Rescorla - Literature review Example

Cite this document
Summary
The "Analysis of Pavlovian Conditioning: It's Not What You Think it Is by Robert A. Rescorla" paper focuses on the study of Rescorla that discusses about the latent cause theory, criticizing the conventional ideals of the Pavlovian Conditioning model. …
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER96.4% of users find it useful
Analysis of Pavlovian Conditioning: Its not What You Think it Is by Robert A. Rescorla
Read Text Preview

Extract of sample "Analysis of Pavlovian Conditioning: Its not What You Think it Is by Robert A. Rescorla"

Critical review Overview According to Rescorla (1988), the current thinking of the Pavlovian Conditioning has changed massively to that followed during the traditional or the conventional era. Theoretically explaining, Pavlovian Conditioning is a procedure of behavioural changes in which, a strong biological stimulus converts to prompt responses, formed when combined with unbiased stimulus. As Rescorla (1988) notes, about 20 years ago the thought behind Pavlovian Conditioning differed significantly from the current thinking. It is based on this context that Rescorla (1988) argues, even though the changes taken place in the stated duration remains poorly valued by the psychologists. The traditional description of the condition had an ability to acquire only one of the motivations of the condition and to suggest the original response of the motivation. This motivation however delivers only inadequate stress on the responses obtained by pairing neutral stimulus and unconditional stimulus, which was thus focused as the subject matter in the study. Rescorla (1988), in her study, particularly argue that the conventional assumptions of Pavlovian Conditioning fail to characterize the circumstances produced with the learning and the contents of that learning or the manner in which the performance of the learning is influenced. In order to prove their assumption and add another critical dimension to the concept, Rescorla (1988) described about the relation of learning through the events and let the organism to signify its environment. At this onset, the learning of the Pavlovian conditioning continues to be an intellectual but active area, with wide potentials of new discoveries and diverse information, which is applicable to the other areas of psychology as well. Explaining Findings Obtained in Rescorla (1988) Learning is the fastest process in forward conditioning. Examinations conducted by Rescorla (1988) based on this assumption revealed that the onset of this forward conditioning gives rise to a new dimension of stimuli. Illustratively, Rescorla (1988) asserts that forward conditioning has collected data and has a good description of conditioning, which comes from the tradition guided by many behaviouristic thoughts. It is therefore focused by Rescorla (1988) that the traditional thoughts have seen a less advanced mechanical process that resulted to its limitations in wider applicability. This mechanical process was mainly concerned with controlling the responses, which pass from one stimulus to another. Source: (Rescorla, 1988) Adding to the concept, Rescorla (1988) argue that forward conditioning is the fastest learning process. During forward conditioning, the conditional stimulus leads the rise of the unconditional stimulus in command. Similarly, in case of the delay in practicing the conditional stimulus following the appearance of unconditional stimulus, trace conditioning prohibits the overlap of conditional stimulus and unconditional stimulus. According to Rescorla (1988), one of the theoretical issues playing a vital role in the learning condition indicates to the R-W model, which is known for making a reduction on the conditioning to the measurement of the suggestion on unconditional stimulus and conditional stimulus. This in turn results in conditional stimulus, wherein the associative makes a strong point on the conditional stimulus. A number of new findings show that if a subject is constantly visible in conditional stimulus before training starts, the training process becomes lengthier (Rescorla, 1988). The R–W model cannot define this however, being based on conventional idea of Pavlovian Conditioning incorrectly assuming that the conditional stimulus remains unchanged in such situations (Rescorla, 1988). When concerning the retrieval of replying after destruction, Rescorla (1988) argue that the subject might occur a latent inhibition if the subject stopped concentrating on conditional stimulus, which is followed frequently before it is balanced with unconditional stimulus. Indeed, the changes in consideration to the conditional stimulus are the two bulging ideas that attempt to cope with new consequences that challenge the R–W model. In one of these, future by the rapidity of training depends on the quantity of care devoted to the conditional stimulus, and this quantity of care depends to turn on how well the conditional stimulus that can further be used to forecast the unconditional stimulus. The model has planned an associated model, which is based on different cares and has an attitude. It is thus argued by Rescorla (1988) that even though the model clarifies all training occurrences, the idea is quiet vital in the training theory. Source: (Rescorla, 1988) The human participants used in Rescorla (1988) helped in developing an idea to spread either for the short or for the long term training on the simple brightness discrimination and have tested the dimension. The computation theory helped to predict the future events, showcasing those as central to the modern theories at the process of training. In the R–W model, the strong point at conditional stimulus says about how powerfully that conditional stimulus forecasts on the unconditional stimulus. A dissimilar method is therefore attributed to make a prediction and develop suggested models, which are being proposed by the computation theory (Rescorla, 1988). Rescorla (1988) further noted that it is not to be determined by the strengths but at the offset and onset of conditional stimulus and unconditional stimulus and customs these for the calculation of the possibility that the unconditional stimulus has to be followed by the conditional stimulus. A quantity of tests has shown that animals and humans can acquire to periodic events, and the model can help to yield better results, which can correspondingly support the change of trial data (Rescorla & Solomon, 1967). Nevertheless, new studies have recommended that the duration-based models cannot access the account for some experimental discoveries as well as models, though the results generate findings, which are totally based on the rule of the performance for longer training (Brownstein, & Epstein, 1989). According to Pierce & Cheney (2013), the positives and the negatives of short trainings impose great impacts to the associative learning behaviour of the subject. The description of the pavlovian conditioning has therefore experimented about the learning of different stimuli (Pierce & Cheney, 2013). The participants in the group studied by Rescorla (1988) has also shown peak shifts, which were not reported at the time of rule and would give this pattern of results. Later, the experiment with the stimuli, reflected the finding that the stimuli shows by using the reduction of contingency or has a distracting concurrent task with a long training that results in peak shifts. In addition, the participants have also obtained peak shifts with the other dimension. Thus, the claim on the peak shifts occur when the participants are not using the rule and have not learned about the discrmination too well for the human atleast reflecting inefficiency in the training process (Rescorla, 1988). Source: (Rescorla, 1988) Similarly a description can be quoted in this regard that earlier, which contained a high restriction, views how the conditioning affects the behaviour. The behaviour has analysed about the influence of behaviour by the participants. The stimuli thus make this type of panel and implying the block of trials in there behaviour (Ader, Weiner, & Baum, 2013). Limitations and Recommendations In the study of Rescorla (1988), a key area that was omitted within the trial and has made a temporary affect to the study findings, indicate to the manipulation on the inter stimulus interval as per the Pavlovian Conditioning, which includes a distinction between the simultaneous conditions of the paradigms. According to Rescorla (1988), the latent cause theory has made a presentation on the trial level of the R-W model, and has been treated as the whole trial, which in turn signified that this trial time effects beyond its scope. The theory developed by Rescorla (1988) also lack appropriate explanation regarding the conditioned stimulus, which makes responses after the presentation of the conditional stimulus with the unconditional stimulus that was to be trained being essential for the phenomenon required in a real treatment. It is however possible for the latent cause theory, which has been presented as real time theories by Rescorla (1988). Suggestively, the Rescorla (1988) could have referred to this theory in more depth, which is often appraised for exploring the latent cause structure has made a mixing model which makes representation of different stimulus a sequential phenomenon (Schedlowski & Tewes, 1999). Furthermore, the R-W model could be effectively integrated by replacing the mixing model with its counterpart with the capacity of the model by Rescorla (1988). The model makes an assumption that both the matters makes a distribution over the latent causes and the properties of those latent causes do not necessarily contribute to the changes over the trials being discussed. The assumption made by Rescorla (1988) can also be termed as unrealistic, for which the model makes a gradual change by the observations obtained through the trials. Furthermore, this could make a modification on the generation model to allow the distribution over the latent cause and to change it gradually. The development on the subject matter has therefore made a good impact over the nature of the business and has made an impact on the model that is being explained. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that the model demonstrated by Rescorla (1988), makes a good discussion and certainly indicates towards the developmental scope of the Pavlovian Conditioning model. Summary The study conducted by Rescorla (1988) discusses about the latent cause theory, criticising the conventional ideals of the Pavlovian Conditioning model. However, Rescorla (1988) has also made an argument at the beginning of this article emphasising the model’s ability being considered as satisfaction in this model. The latent cause theory has made offers along with a conceptualisation of the logic and will hopefully make a furnish with the direction of the experiment with the research of the behaviour. To elaborate and to make an extensive research in the tentative steps to provide a general theory in the Pavlovian Conditioning, Rescorla (1988) could have also considered including the latent cause of the parameter and make drifts over time. Application of the concept of peak- shifts could have been noteworthy to examine the subject matters considered in Rescorla (1988), which were not acquired by the rule during the training. The participants who do not acquire the rule during the training period, for them, the peak-shifts may apply any difficulty and have perceptual discrimination for both the learner and the trainer, taking control over some rules, which might have an implication for making the decisions and choices, with preferences. Subsequently, a conclusion was drawn by Rescorla (1988), which makes a backup of the claims just made wherein some of the references made in this research is to overview the model from the other readings. References Ader, R., Weiner, H. & Baum, A. S. (2013). Experimental Foundations of Behavioural Medicines: Conditioning Approaches. U.K.: Psychology Press. Brownstein, A. J. & Epstein, R. (1989). Progress in Behavioural Studies, Volume 1. U.K.: Psychology Press. Gershman, S. J. & Niv, Y. (2012). Exploring a latent cause theory of classical conditioning. Learn Behav, 255-268. Pierce, W. D. & Cheney, C. D. (2013). Behaviour Analysis and Learning: Fifth Edition. U.K.: Psychology Press. Rescorla, R. A. (1968). Probability of shock in the presence and absence of CS in fear conditioning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 66, 1-5. Rescorla, R. A., & Solomon, R. L. (1967). Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning. Psychological Review 74, 151-182. Rescorla, R. A. (1988). Its Not What You Think It Is. Pavlovian conditioning, 151-160. Schedlowski, M. & Tewes, U. (1999). Psychoneuroimmunology: An Interdisciplinary Introduction. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(Write a critical review on Pavlovian Conditioning: Its not what Literature Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words, n.d.)
Write a critical review on Pavlovian Conditioning: Its not what Literature Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words. https://studentshare.org/psychology/1863248-write-a-critical-review-on-quotpavlovian-conditioning-its-not-what-you-think-it-isquot-robert-a-rescorla
(Write a Critical Review on Pavlovian Conditioning: Its Not What Literature Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 Words)
Write a Critical Review on Pavlovian Conditioning: Its Not What Literature Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 Words. https://studentshare.org/psychology/1863248-write-a-critical-review-on-quotpavlovian-conditioning-its-not-what-you-think-it-isquot-robert-a-rescorla.
“Write a Critical Review on Pavlovian Conditioning: Its Not What Literature Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 Words”. https://studentshare.org/psychology/1863248-write-a-critical-review-on-quotpavlovian-conditioning-its-not-what-you-think-it-isquot-robert-a-rescorla.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Analysis of Pavlovian Conditioning: Its not What You Think it Is by Robert A. Rescorla

Instrumental Conditioning Paper

· Evaluate which form of instrumental conditioning you feel would be most effective in your selected situation.... However, they differ from each other in the type of stimulus presented and the timing of its presentation.... In positive reinforcement, the stimulus presented is rewarding, and its presentation occurs after the occurrence of the desired behavior; whereas, in negative reinforcement, the stimulus presented is aversive and its withdrawal occurs after the occurrence of the desired behavior (Mishra, 2008)....
3 Pages (750 words) Research Paper

Operant Conditioning

hellip; Many studies have shown that individual stimuli can control responses by operant conditioning, and there have been attempts to show that a combination of these stimuli will give a greater response than when taken individually.... Evidently, in reality, animals are rarely subjected to merely one stimuli or set of stimuli, and therefore understanding how these work both individually and cumulatively is important in gaining a proper understanding of operant conditioning and behavior in response to sets of stimuli....
4 Pages (1000 words) Essay

Operant Conditioning

Respondent Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. According to Pierce and Cheney "Respondent conditioning occurs when a neutral or meaningless stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus" example being salivation of dog when food is placed at its mouth.... According to Pierce and Cheney "Respondent conditioning occurs when a neutral or meaningless stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus" example being salivation of dog when food is placed at its mouth....
2 Pages (500 words) Essay

The General Process of Classical Conditioning

Most of people feel good when they see them, as positive emotion is an unconditioned response when you see something beautiful.... As you cam see, classical condition, a behaviorist theory of learning developed by Pavlov is nowadays widely used in advertising.... The research also proves that people are more likely to buy the item that is under sale, when it is on the table with the blue light, regardless of the quality of the item and its price....
2 Pages (500 words) Essay

What repercussions do you think would happen to Robert

Among the students who get very excited about this new movement is robert.... robert feels he has developed The Repercussions that will happen to robert.... Among the students who get very excited about this new movement is robert.... robert feels he has developed his identity because he feels he is part of the wave.... As for robert, he is bound to face the following repercussions in future....
2 Pages (500 words) Essay

Operant Conditioning: Virtual Skinner Box

oward, robert W.... We see in our daily life what working hard brings us better grades and cleaning our room will get us a word of praise from our parents.... We see in our daily life what working hard brings us better grades and cleaning our room will get us word of praise from our parents.... So all these things affect how we behave and what results we achieve in tasks assigned to us.... Let's suppose it's a cat in the box, what we want here is to teach this hungry cat to press the green button to get reward or reinforcement....
2 Pages (500 words) Essay

Rescorla Wagner Model of Psychology

This was evaluated and discussed in detail by rescorla and Wagner (1972) as a formal model of conditioning with V designated to represent the capacity of relatedness between a CS and a US.... From the explanations above, the rescorla-Wagner formula states that the change in the associative strength of the CS during a trial will depend directly on (a) the salience of the CS (alpha), (b) the strength of the US (beta), and (c) the difference between the maximum associative value of the CS and its current value (lamda - V)....
3 Pages (750 words) Assignment

Analysis Study of Operant Conditioning

"Analysis Study of Operant conditioning" paper analizes the article "Role of First Impression in Operant Learning" by Shteyngart, Neiman, and Loewenstein.... In their study, the authors are examining the effect of the first experience on behavior, and how this in turn affects operant conditioning.... The relationship of their study with operant conditioning is that they were investigating first experience (enforcement) and how it impacted on participants' behavior (modification) which led to underestimating of small probabilities (reaction)....
6 Pages (1500 words) Essay
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us